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		<title>Kanada 1983 #5</title>
		<link>http://olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com/2009/06/25/kanada-1983-5/</link>
		<comments>http://olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com/2009/06/25/kanada-1983-5/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 25 Jun 2009 12:56:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Johan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[olimpiade matematika]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[aljabar]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[eksponen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[himpunan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rata-rata geometri]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com/?p=1675</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[5. Buktikan bahwa rata-rata geometri dari himpunan bilangan positif sama dengan rata-rata geometri dari rata-rata geometri dari semua himpunan bagian tak kosong dari . Solusi: Misalkan . Maka rata-rata geometri adalah . Tinjau satu elemen . Ini muncul sebanyak kali pada himpunan bagian elemen, dengan eksponen pada rata-rata geometrinya. Jadi eksponen pada rata-rata dari rata-rata [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com&amp;blog=7239139&amp;post=1675&amp;subd=olimpiadematematika&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>5. Buktikan bahwa rata-rata geometri dari himpunan bilangan positif <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=S&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='S' title='S' class='latex' /> sama dengan rata-rata geometri dari rata-rata geometri dari semua himpunan bagian tak kosong dari <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=S&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='S' title='S' class='latex' />.</p>
<p>Solusi:</p>
<p>Misalkan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=S%3D%5C%7Ba_1%2Ca_2%2C%5Cldots%2Ca_n%5C%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='S=&#92;{a_1,a_2,&#92;ldots,a_n&#92;}' title='S=&#92;{a_1,a_2,&#92;ldots,a_n&#92;}' class='latex' />. Maka rata-rata geometri <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=S&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='S' title='S' class='latex' /> adalah <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28a_1a_2%5Cldots+a_n%29%5E%7B1%2Fn%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='(a_1a_2&#92;ldots a_n)^{1/n}' title='(a_1a_2&#92;ldots a_n)^{1/n}' class='latex' />. Tinjau satu elemen <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=a_i&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='a_i' title='a_i' class='latex' />. Ini muncul sebanyak <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cbinom%7Bn-1%7D%7Bk-1%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;binom{n-1}{k-1}' title='&#92;binom{n-1}{k-1}' class='latex' /> kali pada himpunan bagian <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=k&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='k' title='k' class='latex' /> elemen, dengan eksponen <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=1%2Fk&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='1/k' title='1/k' class='latex' /> pada rata-rata geometrinya. Jadi eksponen <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=a_i&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='a_i' title='a_i' class='latex' /> pada rata-rata dari rata-rata geometri <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=S&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='S' title='S' class='latex' /> adalah</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cfrac1%7B2%5En-1%7D%5Csum_%7Bk%3D1%7D%5En%5Cbinom%7Bn-1%7D%7Bk-1%7D%5Cfrac1k%3D%5Cfrac1%7B2%5En-1%7D%5Csum_%7Bk%3D1%7D%5En%5Cbinom%7Bn%7D%7Bk%7D%5Cfrac1n%3D%5Cfrac1n%5Cleft%28%5Cfrac1%7B2%5En-1%7D%5Cleft%28%5Csum_%7Bk%3D0%7D%5En%5Cbinom%7Bn%7D%7Bk%7D-1%5Cright%29%5Cright%29%3D%5Cfrac1n%2C&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;frac1{2^n-1}&#92;sum_{k=1}^n&#92;binom{n-1}{k-1}&#92;frac1k=&#92;frac1{2^n-1}&#92;sum_{k=1}^n&#92;binom{n}{k}&#92;frac1n=&#92;frac1n&#92;left(&#92;frac1{2^n-1}&#92;left(&#92;sum_{k=0}^n&#92;binom{n}{k}-1&#92;right)&#92;right)=&#92;frac1n,' title='&#92;frac1{2^n-1}&#92;sum_{k=1}^n&#92;binom{n-1}{k-1}&#92;frac1k=&#92;frac1{2^n-1}&#92;sum_{k=1}^n&#92;binom{n}{k}&#92;frac1n=&#92;frac1n&#92;left(&#92;frac1{2^n-1}&#92;left(&#92;sum_{k=0}^n&#92;binom{n}{k}-1&#92;right)&#92;right)=&#92;frac1n,' class='latex' /></p>
<p>sama dengan rata-rata geometri <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=S&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='S' title='S' class='latex' />.</p>
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		<title>Kanada 1983 #4</title>
		<link>http://olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com/2009/06/25/kanada-1983-4/</link>
		<comments>http://olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com/2009/06/25/kanada-1983-4/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 25 Jun 2009 12:52:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Johan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[olimpiade matematika]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bilangan prima]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fermat's little theorem]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[keterbagian]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[teorema fermat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[teori bilangan]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[4. Untuk setiap bilangan prima , buktikan bahwa ada tak hingga banyaknya bilangan asli sehingga habis membagi . Solusi: Jika , maka semua bilangan genap habis membagi . Anggap . Perhatikan bahwa dan menurut teorema Fermat. Jadi kita ambil untuk sebarang bilangan asli .<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com&amp;blog=7239139&amp;post=1674&amp;subd=olimpiadematematika&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>4. Untuk setiap bilangan prima <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=p&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='p' title='p' class='latex' />, buktikan bahwa ada tak hingga banyaknya bilangan asli <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=n&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='n' title='n' class='latex' /> sehingga <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=p&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='p' title='p' class='latex' /> habis membagi <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=2%5En-n&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='2^n-n' title='2^n-n' class='latex' />.</p>
<p>Solusi:</p>
<p>Jika <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=p%3D2&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='p=2' title='p=2' class='latex' />, maka semua bilangan genap habis membagi <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=2%5En-n&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='2^n-n' title='2^n-n' class='latex' />. Anggap <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=p%5Cne2&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='p&#92;ne2' title='p&#92;ne2' class='latex' />. Perhatikan bahwa <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28mp-1%29%28p-1%29%5Cequiv1%5Cpmod%7Bp%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='(mp-1)(p-1)&#92;equiv1&#92;pmod{p}' title='(mp-1)(p-1)&#92;equiv1&#92;pmod{p}' class='latex' /> dan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=2%5E%7B%28mp-1%29%28p-1%29%7D%5Cequiv%282%5E%7Bp-1%7D%29%5E%7Bmp-1%7D%5Cequiv1%5Cpmod%7Bp%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='2^{(mp-1)(p-1)}&#92;equiv(2^{p-1})^{mp-1}&#92;equiv1&#92;pmod{p}' title='2^{(mp-1)(p-1)}&#92;equiv(2^{p-1})^{mp-1}&#92;equiv1&#92;pmod{p}' class='latex' /> menurut teorema Fermat. Jadi kita ambil <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=n%3D%28mp-1%29%28p-1%29&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='n=(mp-1)(p-1)' title='n=(mp-1)(p-1)' class='latex' /> untuk sebarang bilangan asli <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=m&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='m' title='m' class='latex' />.</p>
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		<title>Kanada 1983 #3</title>
		<link>http://olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com/2009/06/25/kanada-1983-3/</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 25 Jun 2009 12:51:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Johan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[olimpiade matematika]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[geometri]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[geometri ruang]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[kanada]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[segitiga]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tetrahedron]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[volume]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com/?p=1665</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[3. Luas segitiga ditentukan oleh panjang sisi-sisinya. Apakah volume tetrahedron ditentukan oleh luas sisi-sisinya? Solusi: Tidak. Misalkan adalah segitiga sama sisi dan adalah segitiga yang sudutnya mendekati dan sama kaki, keduanya memiliki luas 4. Pada kedua segitiga, buat garis yang menghubungkan titik-titik tengah sisi-sisinya. Lipat kedua segitiga sepanjang garis-garis tersebut, maka pada masing-masing dan didapat [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com&amp;blog=7239139&amp;post=1665&amp;subd=olimpiadematematika&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>3. Luas segitiga ditentukan oleh panjang sisi-sisinya. Apakah volume tetrahedron ditentukan oleh luas sisi-sisinya?</p>
<p>Solusi:</p>
<p>Tidak. Misalkan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=S&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='S' title='S' class='latex' /> adalah segitiga sama sisi dan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=T&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='T' title='T' class='latex' /> adalah segitiga yang sudutnya mendekati <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=90%5E%7B%5Ccirc%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='90^{&#92;circ}' title='90^{&#92;circ}' class='latex' /> dan sama kaki, keduanya memiliki luas 4. Pada kedua segitiga, buat garis yang menghubungkan titik-titik tengah sisi-sisinya. Lipat kedua segitiga sepanjang garis-garis tersebut, maka pada masing-masing <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=S&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='S' title='S' class='latex' /> dan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=T&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='T' title='T' class='latex' /> didapat empat segitiga dengan luas 1. Perhatikan bahwa <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=S&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='S' title='S' class='latex' /> menjadi tetrahedron beraturan dengan volume positif. Tetapi <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=T&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='T' title='T' class='latex' /> menjadi tetrahedron yang volumenya mendekati 0. Semakin dekat sudutnya dengan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=90%5E%7B%5Ccirc%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='90^{&#92;circ}' title='90^{&#92;circ}' class='latex' />, volumenya semakin kecil. Jadi dua tetrahedron ini memiliki luas sisi-sisi yang sama tetapi volumenya berbeda, sehingga bukti kita selesai.</p>
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		<title>Kanada 1983 #2</title>
		<link>http://olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com/2009/06/25/kanada-1983-2/</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 25 Jun 2009 12:50:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Johan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[olimpiade matematika]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[aljabar]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fungsi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[grafik]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[kurva]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[logaritma]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[transformasi]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com/?p=1664</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[2. Untuk setiap bilangan real misalkan adalah transformasi pada bidang yang membawa titik ke titik . Misalkan adalah kumpulan transformasi tersebut yaitu . Tentukan semua kurva yang grafiknya tidak berubah untuk setiap transformasi di . Solusi: Misalkan adalah kurva yang tidak berubah untuk setiap . Misalkan . Maka membawa ke . Jadi untuk semua bilangan [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com&amp;blog=7239139&amp;post=1664&amp;subd=olimpiadematematika&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>2. Untuk setiap bilangan real <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=r&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='r' title='r' class='latex' /> misalkan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=T_r&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='T_r' title='T_r' class='latex' /> adalah transformasi pada bidang yang membawa titik <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28x%2Cy%29&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='(x,y)' title='(x,y)' class='latex' /> ke titik <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%282%5Erx%2Cr2%5Erx%2B2%5Ery%29&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='(2^rx,r2^rx+2^ry)' title='(2^rx,r2^rx+2^ry)' class='latex' />. Misalkan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=F&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='F' title='F' class='latex' /> adalah kumpulan transformasi tersebut yaitu <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=F%3D%5C%7BT_r%3Ar%5Ctext%7B+a+real+number%7D%5C%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='F=&#92;{T_r:r&#92;text{ a real number}&#92;}' title='F=&#92;{T_r:r&#92;text{ a real number}&#92;}' class='latex' />. Tentukan semua kurva <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=y%3Df%28x%29&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='y=f(x)' title='y=f(x)' class='latex' /> yang grafiknya tidak berubah untuk setiap transformasi di <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=F&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='F' title='F' class='latex' />.</p>
<p>Solusi:</p>
<p>Misalkan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='f' title='f' class='latex' /> adalah kurva yang tidak berubah untuk setiap <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=T_r&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='T_r' title='T_r' class='latex' />. Misalkan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%280%29%3Dk&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='f(0)=k' title='f(0)=k' class='latex' />. Maka <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=T_r&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='T_r' title='T_r' class='latex' /> membawa <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%280%2Ck%29&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='(0,k)' title='(0,k)' class='latex' /> ke <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%280%2C2%5Erk%29&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='(0,2^rk)' title='(0,2^rk)' class='latex' />. Jadi <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=k%3D2%5Erk&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='k=2^rk' title='k=2^rk' class='latex' /> untuk semua bilangan real <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=r&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='r' title='r' class='latex' />, akibatnya <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=k%3D0&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='k=0' title='k=0' class='latex' />. Jadi <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%280%29%3D0&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='f(0)=0' title='f(0)=0' class='latex' />. Misalkan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%281%29%3Dm&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='f(1)=m' title='f(1)=m' class='latex' />. Maka <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=T_r&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='T_r' title='T_r' class='latex' /> membawa <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%281%2Cm%29&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='(1,m)' title='(1,m)' class='latex' /> ke <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%282%5Er%2Cr2%5Er%2B2%5Erm%29&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='(2^r,r2^r+2^rm)' title='(2^r,r2^r+2^rm)' class='latex' />. Untuk sebarang <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x%3E0&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='x&gt;0' title='x&gt;0' class='latex' />, misalkan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x%3D2%5Er&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='x=2^r' title='x=2^r' class='latex' />. Maka <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=r%3D%5E2%5Clog+x&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='r=^2&#92;log x' title='r=^2&#92;log x' class='latex' /> dan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%28x%29%3Dx%5Ccdot+%5E2%5Clog+x%2Bmx&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='f(x)=x&#92;cdot ^2&#92;log x+mx' title='f(x)=x&#92;cdot ^2&#92;log x+mx' class='latex' />. Misalkan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%28-1%29%3Dn&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='f(-1)=n' title='f(-1)=n' class='latex' />, maka <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=T_r&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='T_r' title='T_r' class='latex' /> membawa <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28-1%2Cn%29&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='(-1,n)' title='(-1,n)' class='latex' /> ke <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28-2%5Er%2C-r2%5Er%2B2%5Ern%29&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='(-2^r,-r2^r+2^rn)' title='(-2^r,-r2^r+2^rn)' class='latex' />. Untuk sebarang <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x%3C0&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='x&lt;0' title='x&lt;0' class='latex' />, misalkan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=-x%3D2%5Er&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='-x=2^r' title='-x=2^r' class='latex' />. Maka <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=r%3D%5E2%5Clog%28-x%29&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='r=^2&#92;log(-x)' title='r=^2&#92;log(-x)' class='latex' /> dan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%28x%29%3Dx%5Ccdot%5E2%5Clog%28-x%29-nx&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='f(x)=x&#92;cdot^2&#92;log(-x)-nx' title='f(x)=x&#92;cdot^2&#92;log(-x)-nx' class='latex' />. Jadi kita dapat fungsi yang memenuhi sebagai berikut:</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%28x%29%3D%5Cbegin%7Bcases%7D+x%5Ccdot+%5E2%5Clog+x%2Bmx+%26%5Ctext%7Bjika+%7Dx%3E+0%5C%5C+0+%26%5Ctext%7Bjika+%7Dx%3D0%5C%5Cx%5Ccdot%5E2%5Clog%28-x%29-nx+%26%5Ctext%7Bjika+%7Dx%3C0%5Cend%7Bcases%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='f(x)=&#92;begin{cases} x&#92;cdot ^2&#92;log x+mx &amp;&#92;text{jika }x&gt; 0&#92;&#92; 0 &amp;&#92;text{jika }x=0&#92;&#92;x&#92;cdot^2&#92;log(-x)-nx &amp;&#92;text{jika }x&lt;0&#92;end{cases}' title='f(x)=&#92;begin{cases} x&#92;cdot ^2&#92;log x+mx &amp;&#92;text{jika }x&gt; 0&#92;&#92; 0 &amp;&#92;text{jika }x=0&#92;&#92;x&#92;cdot^2&#92;log(-x)-nx &amp;&#92;text{jika }x&lt;0&#92;end{cases}' class='latex' /></p>
<p>untuk sebarang bilangan real <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=m%2Cn&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='m,n' title='m,n' class='latex' />.</p>
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		<title>Kanada 1983 #1</title>
		<link>http://olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com/2009/06/25/kanada-1983-1/</link>
		<comments>http://olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com/2009/06/25/kanada-1983-1/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 25 Jun 2009 12:43:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Johan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[olimpiade matematika]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[faktorial]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[kanada 1983]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[persamaan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[teori bilangan]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[1. Tentukan semua bilangan asli yang memenuhi . Solusi: Tanpa mengurangi keumuman, asumsikan dulu . Maka sehingga . Jadi . Jika , maka dan , maka dan kita dapat . Jika , maka dan yang jelas tidak mungkin. Jadi .<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com&amp;blog=7239139&amp;post=1663&amp;subd=olimpiadematematika&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>1. Tentukan semua bilangan asli <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=w%2Cx%2Cy%2Cz&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='w,x,y,z' title='w,x,y,z' class='latex' /> yang memenuhi <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=w%21%3Dx%21%2By%21%2Bz%21&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='w!=x!+y!+z!' title='w!=x!+y!+z!' class='latex' />.</p>
<p>Solusi:</p>
<p>Tanpa mengurangi keumuman, asumsikan dulu <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x%5Cle+y%5Cle+z&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='x&#92;le y&#92;le z' title='x&#92;le y&#92;le z' class='latex' />. Maka <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=w%5Cge+z%2B1&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='w&#92;ge z+1' title='w&#92;ge z+1' class='latex' /> sehingga <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28z%2B1%29z%21%3D%28z%2B1%29%21%5Cle+w%21%3Dx%21%2By%21%2Bz%21%5Cle+3z%21&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='(z+1)z!=(z+1)!&#92;le w!=x!+y!+z!&#92;le 3z!' title='(z+1)z!=(z+1)!&#92;le w!=x!+y!+z!&#92;le 3z!' class='latex' />. Jadi <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=z%5Cle2&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='z&#92;le2' title='z&#92;le2' class='latex' />. Jika <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=z%3D2&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='z=2' title='z=2' class='latex' />, maka <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=w%21%5Cge+1%2B1%2B2%3D4&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='w!&#92;ge 1+1+2=4' title='w!&#92;ge 1+1+2=4' class='latex' /> dan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=w%21%5Cle+2%2B2%2B2%3D6&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='w!&#92;le 2+2+2=6' title='w!&#92;le 2+2+2=6' class='latex' />, maka <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=w%21%3D6&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='w!=6' title='w!=6' class='latex' /> dan kita dapat <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=w%3D3%2Cx%3Dy%3Dz%3D2&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='w=3,x=y=z=2' title='w=3,x=y=z=2' class='latex' />. Jika <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=z%3D1&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='z=1' title='z=1' class='latex' />, maka <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x%3Dy%3D1&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='x=y=1' title='x=y=1' class='latex' /> dan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=w%21%3D3&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='w!=3' title='w!=3' class='latex' /> yang jelas tidak mungkin. Jadi <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28w%2Cx%2Cy%2Cz%29%3D%283%2C2%2C2%2C2%29&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='(w,x,y,z)=(3,2,2,2)' title='(w,x,y,z)=(3,2,2,2)' class='latex' />.</p>
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		<title>Kanada 1982 #5</title>
		<link>http://olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com/2009/06/05/kanada-1982-5/</link>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 05 Jun 2009 12:01:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Johan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[olimpiade matematika]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[garis tinggi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[geometri]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[geometri ruang]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tetrahedron]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[vektor]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[5. Garis-garis tinggi dari tetrahedron diperpanjang keluar sampai titik berturut-turut, di mana , , dan . Di sini, konstan dan menyatakan panjang garis tinggi dari titik , dan sebagainya. Buktikan bahwa titik berat dari tetrahedron berimpit dengan titik berat . Solusi: Buat sistem koordinat dengan pusat sebagai titik berat . Maka . Kita perlu menunjukkan [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com&amp;blog=7239139&amp;post=1651&amp;subd=olimpiadematematika&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>5. Garis-garis tinggi dari tetrahedron <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=ABCD&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='ABCD' title='ABCD' class='latex' /> diperpanjang keluar sampai titik <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A%27%2CB%27%2CC%27%2CD%27&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='A&#039;,B&#039;,C&#039;,D&#039;' title='A&#039;,B&#039;,C&#039;,D&#039;' class='latex' /> berturut-turut, di mana <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=AA%27%3Dk%2Fh_a&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='AA&#039;=k/h_a' title='AA&#039;=k/h_a' class='latex' />, <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=BB%27%3Dk%2F_b&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='BB&#039;=k/_b' title='BB&#039;=k/_b' class='latex' />, <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=CC%27%3Dk%2Fh_c&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='CC&#039;=k/h_c' title='CC&#039;=k/h_c' class='latex' /> dan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=DD%27%3Dk%2Fh_d&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='DD&#039;=k/h_d' title='DD&#039;=k/h_d' class='latex' />. Di sini, <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=k&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='k' title='k' class='latex' /> konstan dan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=h_a&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='h_a' title='h_a' class='latex' /> menyatakan panjang garis tinggi <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=ABCD&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='ABCD' title='ABCD' class='latex' /> dari titik <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='A' title='A' class='latex' />, dan sebagainya. Buktikan bahwa titik berat dari tetrahedron <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A%27B%27C%27D%27&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='A&#039;B&#039;C&#039;D&#039;' title='A&#039;B&#039;C&#039;D&#039;' class='latex' /> berimpit dengan titik berat <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=ABCD&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='ABCD' title='ABCD' class='latex' />.</p>
<p>Solusi:</p>
<p>Buat sistem koordinat dengan pusat <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=O&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='O' title='O' class='latex' /> sebagai titik berat <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=ABCD&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='ABCD' title='ABCD' class='latex' />. Maka <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverrightarrow%7BA%7D%2B%5Coverrightarrow%7BB%7D%2B%5Coverrightarrow%7BC%7D%2B%5Coverrightarrow%7BD%7D%3D%5Coverrightarrow%7BO%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;overrightarrow{A}+&#92;overrightarrow{B}+&#92;overrightarrow{C}+&#92;overrightarrow{D}=&#92;overrightarrow{O}' title='&#92;overrightarrow{A}+&#92;overrightarrow{B}+&#92;overrightarrow{C}+&#92;overrightarrow{D}=&#92;overrightarrow{O}' class='latex' />. Kita perlu menunjukkan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverrightarrow%7BA%27%7D%2B%5Coverrightarrow%7BB%27%7D%2B%5Coverrightarrow%7BC%27%7D%2B%5Coverrightarrow%7BD%27%7D%3D0&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;overrightarrow{A&#039;}+&#92;overrightarrow{B&#039;}+&#92;overrightarrow{C&#039;}+&#92;overrightarrow{D&#039;}=0' title='&#92;overrightarrow{A&#039;}+&#92;overrightarrow{B&#039;}+&#92;overrightarrow{C&#039;}+&#92;overrightarrow{D&#039;}=0' class='latex' /> atau <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverrightarrow%7BAA%27%7D%2B%5Coverrightarrow%7BBB%27%7D%2B%5Coverrightarrow%7BCC%27%7D%2B%5Coverrightarrow%7BDD%27%7D%3D%5Coverrightarrow%7BO%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;overrightarrow{AA&#039;}+&#92;overrightarrow{BB&#039;}+&#92;overrightarrow{CC&#039;}+&#92;overrightarrow{DD&#039;}=&#92;overrightarrow{O}' title='&#92;overrightarrow{AA&#039;}+&#92;overrightarrow{BB&#039;}+&#92;overrightarrow{CC&#039;}+&#92;overrightarrow{DD&#039;}=&#92;overrightarrow{O}' class='latex' />. Perhatikan vektor <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverrightarrow%7BBD%7D%5Ctimes%5Coverrightarrow%7BCD%7D%3D%28%5Coverrightarrow%7BD%7D-%5Coverrightarrow%7BB%7D%29%5Ctimes%28%5Coverrightarrow%7BD%7D-%5Coverrightarrow%7BC%7D%29%3D%5Coverrightarrow%7BB%7D%5Ctimes%5Coverrightarrow%7BC%7D%2B%5Coverrightarrow%7BC%7D%5Ctimes%5Coverrightarrow%7BD%7D%2B%5Coverrightarrow%7BD%7D%5Ctimes%5Coverrightarrow%7BB%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;overrightarrow{BD}&#92;times&#92;overrightarrow{CD}=(&#92;overrightarrow{D}-&#92;overrightarrow{B})&#92;times(&#92;overrightarrow{D}-&#92;overrightarrow{C})=&#92;overrightarrow{B}&#92;times&#92;overrightarrow{C}+&#92;overrightarrow{C}&#92;times&#92;overrightarrow{D}+&#92;overrightarrow{D}&#92;times&#92;overrightarrow{B}' title='&#92;overrightarrow{BD}&#92;times&#92;overrightarrow{CD}=(&#92;overrightarrow{D}-&#92;overrightarrow{B})&#92;times(&#92;overrightarrow{D}-&#92;overrightarrow{C})=&#92;overrightarrow{B}&#92;times&#92;overrightarrow{C}+&#92;overrightarrow{C}&#92;times&#92;overrightarrow{D}+&#92;overrightarrow{D}&#92;times&#92;overrightarrow{B}' class='latex' />. Vektor ini tegak lurus <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=BCD&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='BCD' title='BCD' class='latex' />, maka sejajar terhadap <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverrightarrow%7BAA%27%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;overrightarrow{AA&#039;}' title='&#92;overrightarrow{AA&#039;}' class='latex' />. Besarnya adalah <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=2%5Ctimes%5BBCD%5D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='2&#92;times[BCD]' title='2&#92;times[BCD]' class='latex' /> yaitu <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=6V%2Fh_a&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='6V/h_a' title='6V/h_a' class='latex' /> di mana <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=V&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='V' title='V' class='latex' /> adalah volume <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=ACD&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='ACD' title='ACD' class='latex' />. Maka <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverrightarrow%7BAA%27%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7Bk%7D%7B6V%7D%28%5Coverrightarrow%7BB%7D%5Ctimes%5Coverrightarrow%7BC%7D%2B%5Coverrightarrow%7BC%7D%5Ctimes%5Coverrightarrow%7BD%7D%2B%5Coverrightarrow%7BD%7D%5Ctimes%5Coverrightarrow%7BB%7D%29&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;overrightarrow{AA&#039;}=&#92;frac{k}{6V}(&#92;overrightarrow{B}&#92;times&#92;overrightarrow{C}+&#92;overrightarrow{C}&#92;times&#92;overrightarrow{D}+&#92;overrightarrow{D}&#92;times&#92;overrightarrow{B})' title='&#92;overrightarrow{AA&#039;}=&#92;frac{k}{6V}(&#92;overrightarrow{B}&#92;times&#92;overrightarrow{C}+&#92;overrightarrow{C}&#92;times&#92;overrightarrow{D}+&#92;overrightarrow{D}&#92;times&#92;overrightarrow{B})' class='latex' />. Bentuk serupa bisa didapat untuk <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverrightarrow%7BBB%27%7D%2C%5Coverrightarrow%7BCC%27%7D%2C%5Coverrightarrow%7BDD%27%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;overrightarrow{BB&#039;},&#92;overrightarrow{CC&#039;},&#92;overrightarrow{DD&#039;}' title='&#92;overrightarrow{BB&#039;},&#92;overrightarrow{CC&#039;},&#92;overrightarrow{DD&#039;}' class='latex' />. Maka <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cfrac%7B6V%7Dk%28%5Coverrightarrow%7BAA%27%7D%2B%5Coverrightarrow%7BBB%27%7D%2B%5Coverrightarrow%7BCC%27%7D%2B%5Coverrightarrow%7BDD%27%7D%29%3D%5Csum%28%5Coverrightarrow%7BB%7D%5Ctimes%5Coverrightarrow%7BC%7D%2B%5Coverrightarrow%7BC%7D%5Ctimes%5Coverrightarrow%7BD%7D%2B%5Coverrightarrow%7BD%7D%5Ctimes%5Coverrightarrow%7BB%7D%29%3D%5Coverrightarrow%7BO%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;frac{6V}k(&#92;overrightarrow{AA&#039;}+&#92;overrightarrow{BB&#039;}+&#92;overrightarrow{CC&#039;}+&#92;overrightarrow{DD&#039;})=&#92;sum(&#92;overrightarrow{B}&#92;times&#92;overrightarrow{C}+&#92;overrightarrow{C}&#92;times&#92;overrightarrow{D}+&#92;overrightarrow{D}&#92;times&#92;overrightarrow{B})=&#92;overrightarrow{O}' title='&#92;frac{6V}k(&#92;overrightarrow{AA&#039;}+&#92;overrightarrow{BB&#039;}+&#92;overrightarrow{CC&#039;}+&#92;overrightarrow{DD&#039;})=&#92;sum(&#92;overrightarrow{B}&#92;times&#92;overrightarrow{C}+&#92;overrightarrow{C}&#92;times&#92;overrightarrow{D}+&#92;overrightarrow{D}&#92;times&#92;overrightarrow{B})=&#92;overrightarrow{O}' class='latex' />. Jadi titik berat dari <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A%27B%27C%27D%27&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='A&#039;B&#039;C&#039;D&#039;' title='A&#039;B&#039;C&#039;D&#039;' class='latex' /> juga di <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=O&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='O' title='O' class='latex' />.</p>
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		<title>Kanada 1982 #4</title>
		<link>http://olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com/2009/06/05/kanada-1982-4/</link>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 05 Jun 2009 12:00:56 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Johan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[olimpiade matematika]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fixed point]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[himpunan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[kombinatorik]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[matematika]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[olimpiade]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[permutasi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rekursi]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[4. Misalkan adalah permutasi dari himpunan . Suatu elemen disebut titik tetap dari jika . Misalkan adalah banyaknya permutasi tanpa titik tetap, dan adalah banyaknya permutasi dengan tepat satu titik tetap. Tunjukkan bahwa . Solusi: Untuk , jelas bahwa . Perhatikan bahwa karena untuk mendapat permutasi dengan satu titik tetap, kita melakukan dua langkah: 1) [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com&amp;blog=7239139&amp;post=1647&amp;subd=olimpiadematematika&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>4. Misalkan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=p&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='p' title='p' class='latex' /> adalah permutasi dari himpunan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=S_n%3D%5C%7B1%2C2%2C%5Cldots%2Cn%5C%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='S_n=&#92;{1,2,&#92;ldots,n&#92;}' title='S_n=&#92;{1,2,&#92;ldots,n&#92;}' class='latex' />. Suatu elemen <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=j%5Cin+S_n&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='j&#92;in S_n' title='j&#92;in S_n' class='latex' /> disebut titik tetap dari <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=p&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='p' title='p' class='latex' /> jika <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=p%28j%29%3Dj&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='p(j)=j' title='p(j)=j' class='latex' />. Misalkan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f_n&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='f_n' title='f_n' class='latex' /> adalah banyaknya permutasi tanpa titik tetap, dan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=g_n&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='g_n' title='g_n' class='latex' /> adalah banyaknya permutasi dengan tepat satu titik tetap. Tunjukkan bahwa <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%7Cf_n-g_n%7C%3D1&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='|f_n-g_n|=1' title='|f_n-g_n|=1' class='latex' />.</p>
<p>Solusi:</p>
<p>Untuk <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=n%3D1&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='n=1' title='n=1' class='latex' />, jelas bahwa <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=g_1%3D1%2Cf_1%3D0&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='g_1=1,f_1=0' title='g_1=1,f_1=0' class='latex' />. Perhatikan bahwa <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=g_n%3Dnf_%7Bn-1%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='g_n=nf_{n-1}' title='g_n=nf_{n-1}' class='latex' /> karena untuk mendapat permutasi dengan satu titik tetap, kita melakukan dua langkah: 1) pilih satu bilangan yang menjadi titik tetap, ada <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=n&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='n' title='n' class='latex' /> cara; 2) susun <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=n-1&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='n-1' title='n-1' class='latex' /> bilangan lainnya tanpa titik tetap, ada <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f_%7Bn-1%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='f_{n-1}' title='f_{n-1}' class='latex' /> cara. Sekarang tinjau sebuah permutasi tanpa titik tetap. Maka <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=p%281%29%3Dj&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='p(1)=j' title='p(1)=j' class='latex' /> bisa dipilih dalam <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=n-1&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='n-1' title='n-1' class='latex' /> cara. Jika <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=p%28j%29%3D1&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='p(j)=1' title='p(j)=1' class='latex' />, susunan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=n-1&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='n-1' title='n-1' class='latex' /> bilangan lainnya bisa dipilih dalam <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f_%7Bn-1%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='f_{n-1}' title='f_{n-1}' class='latex' /> cara. Jika <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=p%28j%29%5Cne1&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='p(j)&#92;ne1' title='p(j)&#92;ne1' class='latex' />, <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=n-2&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='n-2' title='n-2' class='latex' /> bilangan lainnya disusun dalam <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f_%7Bn-2%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='f_{n-2}' title='f_{n-2}' class='latex' /> cara. Jadi <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f_n%3D%28n-1%29%28f_%7Bn-1%7D%2Bf_%7Bn-2%7D%29&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='f_n=(n-1)(f_{n-1}+f_{n-2})' title='f_n=(n-1)(f_{n-1}+f_{n-2})' class='latex' />. Jadi <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f_%7Bn%2B1%7D-g_%7Bn%2B1%7D%3Dn%28f_n%2Bf_%7Bn-1%7D%29-%28n%2B1%29f_n%3Dnf_%7Bn-1%7D-f_n%3Dg_n-f_n&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='f_{n+1}-g_{n+1}=n(f_n+f_{n-1})-(n+1)f_n=nf_{n-1}-f_n=g_n-f_n' title='f_{n+1}-g_{n+1}=n(f_n+f_{n-1})-(n+1)f_n=nf_{n-1}-f_n=g_n-f_n' class='latex' />. Jadi <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f_n-g_n%3D%28-1%29%5E%7Bn-1%7D%28f_1-g_1%29&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='f_n-g_n=(-1)^{n-1}(f_1-g_1)' title='f_n-g_n=(-1)^{n-1}(f_1-g_1)' class='latex' />. Karena <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f_1-g_1%3D0-1%3D-1&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='f_1-g_1=0-1=-1' title='f_1-g_1=0-1=-1' class='latex' />, maka terbukti bahwa <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%7Cf_n-g_n%7C%3D1&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='|f_n-g_n|=1' title='|f_n-g_n|=1' class='latex' /> untuk <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=n%5Cge1&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='n&#92;ge1' title='n&#92;ge1' class='latex' />.</p>
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		<title>Kanada 1982 #3</title>
		<link>http://olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com/2009/06/05/kanada-1982-3/</link>
		<comments>http://olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com/2009/06/05/kanada-1982-3/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 05 Jun 2009 11:58:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Johan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[olimpiade matematika]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[dimensi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[euklidean]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[himpunan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[irasional]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rasional]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[titik]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com/?p=1642</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[3. Misalkan adalah ruang Euklidean dimensi. Tentukan banyaknya titik minimum pada himpunan di sehingga setiap titik di memiliki jarak irasional terhadap setidaknya satu titik di himpunan tersebut. Solusi: Jika , jelas bahwa . Kita bisa ambil dua titik, satu rasional dan satu irasional, dan jelas bahwa semua titik pada memiliki jarak irasional terhadap salah satu [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com&amp;blog=7239139&amp;post=1642&amp;subd=olimpiadematematika&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>3. Misalkan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=R%5En&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='R^n' title='R^n' class='latex' /> adalah ruang Euklidean <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=n&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='n' title='n' class='latex' /> dimensi. Tentukan banyaknya titik minimum <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=g%28n%29&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='g(n)' title='g(n)' class='latex' /> pada himpunan di <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=R%5En&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='R^n' title='R^n' class='latex' /> sehingga setiap titik di <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=R%5En&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='R^n' title='R^n' class='latex' /> memiliki jarak irasional terhadap setidaknya satu titik di himpunan tersebut.</p>
<p>Solusi:</p>
<p>Jika <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=n%3D1&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='n=1' title='n=1' class='latex' />, jelas bahwa <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=g%281%29%3D1&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='g(1)=1' title='g(1)=1' class='latex' />. Kita bisa ambil dua titik, satu rasional dan satu irasional, dan jelas bahwa semua titik pada <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=R%5E1&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='R^1' title='R^1' class='latex' /> memiliki jarak irasional terhadap salah satu titik itu. Maka <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=g%281%29%3D2&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='g(1)=2' title='g(1)=2' class='latex' />. Sekarang asumsikan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=n%3E1&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='n&gt;1' title='n&gt;1' class='latex' />. Jika kita ambil dua titik, maka jelas ada tak hingga banyaknya titik yang jaraknya rasional terhadap kedua titik itu. Jika kita ambil tiga titik <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A%2CM%2CB&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='A,M,B' title='A,M,B' class='latex' />, <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=M&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='M' title='M' class='latex' /> titik tengah <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=AB&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='AB' title='AB' class='latex' /> dan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=AM%5E2&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='AM^2' title='AM^2' class='latex' /> irasional, maka untuk setiap titik <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=P&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='P' title='P' class='latex' /> berlaku <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=PA%5E2%2BPB%5E2%3DAM%5E2%2BBM%5E2%2B2PM%5E2&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='PA^2+PB^2=AM^2+BM^2+2PM^2' title='PA^2+PB^2=AM^2+BM^2+2PM^2' class='latex' />. Maka setidaknya satu dari <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=PA%2C+PB%2C+PM&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='PA, PB, PM' title='PA, PB, PM' class='latex' /> pasti irasional. Jadi <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=g%28n%29%3D3&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='g(n)=3' title='g(n)=3' class='latex' /> untuk <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=n%3E1&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='n&gt;1' title='n&gt;1' class='latex' />.</p>
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		<title>Kanada 1982 #2</title>
		<link>http://olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com/2009/06/05/kanada-1982-2/</link>
		<comments>http://olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com/2009/06/05/kanada-1982-2/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 05 Jun 2009 11:58:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Johan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[olimpiade matematika]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[akar]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[aljabar]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[polinomial]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[vieta]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com/?p=1638</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[2. Jika adalah akar-akar dari persamaan , tunjukkan bahwa berbeda dan tunjukkan bahwa adalah bilangan bulat. Solusi: Andaikan ada dua yang nilainya sama, . Kita punya . Maka , , , maka atau , keduanya tidak memenuhi . Jadi tidak ada akar yang nilainya sama. Misalkan , , . Perhatikan bahwa Dengan cara yang sama, [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com&amp;blog=7239139&amp;post=1638&amp;subd=olimpiadematematika&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>2. Jika <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=a%2Cb%2Cc&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='a,b,c' title='a,b,c' class='latex' /> adalah akar-akar dari persamaan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x%5E3-x%5E2-x-1%3D0&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='x^3-x^2-x-1=0' title='x^3-x^2-x-1=0' class='latex' />, tunjukkan bahwa <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=a%2Cb%2Cc&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='a,b,c' title='a,b,c' class='latex' /> berbeda dan tunjukkan bahwa <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cfrac%7Ba%5E%7B1982%7D-b%5E%7B1982%7D%7D%7Ba-b%7D%2B%5Cfrac%7Bb%5E%7B1982%7D-c%5E%7B1982%7D%7D%7Bb-c%7D%2B%5Cfrac%7Bc%5E%7B1982%7D-a%5E%7B1982%7D%7D%7Bc-a%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;frac{a^{1982}-b^{1982}}{a-b}+&#92;frac{b^{1982}-c^{1982}}{b-c}+&#92;frac{c^{1982}-a^{1982}}{c-a}' title='&#92;frac{a^{1982}-b^{1982}}{a-b}+&#92;frac{b^{1982}-c^{1982}}{b-c}+&#92;frac{c^{1982}-a^{1982}}{c-a}' class='latex' /> adalah bilangan bulat.</p>
<p>Solusi:</p>
<p>Andaikan ada dua yang nilainya sama, <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=b%3Dc&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='b=c' title='b=c' class='latex' />. Kita punya <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=a%2Bb%2Bc%3D1%2Cab%2Bbc%2Bca%3D-1%2Cabc%3D1&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='a+b+c=1,ab+bc+ca=-1,abc=1' title='a+b+c=1,ab+bc+ca=-1,abc=1' class='latex' />. Maka <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=a%3D1-2b&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='a=1-2b' title='a=1-2b' class='latex' />, <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=2%281-2b%29b%2Bb%3D-1&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='2(1-2b)b+b=-1' title='2(1-2b)b+b=-1' class='latex' />, <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=3b%5E2-2b-1%3D%28b-1%29%283b%2B1%29%3D0&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='3b^2-2b-1=(b-1)(3b+1)=0' title='3b^2-2b-1=(b-1)(3b+1)=0' class='latex' />, maka <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=b%3D1%2Ca%3D-1&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='b=1,a=-1' title='b=1,a=-1' class='latex' /> atau <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=b%3D-%5Cfrac13%2Ca%3D%5Cfrac53&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='b=-&#92;frac13,a=&#92;frac53' title='b=-&#92;frac13,a=&#92;frac53' class='latex' />, keduanya tidak memenuhi <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=abc%3D1&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='abc=1' title='abc=1' class='latex' />. Jadi tidak ada akar yang nilainya sama. Misalkan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=r_n%3D%5Cfrac%7Ba%5En-b%5En%7D%7Ba-b%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='r_n=&#92;frac{a^n-b^n}{a-b}' title='r_n=&#92;frac{a^n-b^n}{a-b}' class='latex' />, <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=s_n%3D%5Cfrac%7Bb%5En-c%5En%7D%7Bb-c%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='s_n=&#92;frac{b^n-c^n}{b-c}' title='s_n=&#92;frac{b^n-c^n}{b-c}' class='latex' />, <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=t_n%3D%5Cfrac%7Bc%5En-a%5En%7D%7Bc-a%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='t_n=&#92;frac{c^n-a^n}{c-a}' title='t_n=&#92;frac{c^n-a^n}{c-a}' class='latex' />. Perhatikan bahwa</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=r_%7Bn%2B3%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7Ba%5E%7Bn%2B3%7D-b%5E%7Bn%2B3%7D%7D%7Ba-b%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7Ba%5En%28a%5E2%2Ba%2B1%29-b%5En%28b%5E2%2Bb%2B1%29%7D%7Ba-b%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7Ba%5E%7Bn%2B2%7D-b%5E%7Bn%2B2%7D%7D%7Ba-b%7D%2B%5Cfrac%7Ba%5E%7Bn%2B1%7D-b%5E%7Bn%2B1%7D%7D%7Ba-b%7D%2B%5Cfrac%7Ba%5En-b%5En%7D%7Ba-b%7D%3Dr_%7Bn%2B2%7D%2Br_%7Bn%2B1%7D%2Br_n.&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='r_{n+3}=&#92;frac{a^{n+3}-b^{n+3}}{a-b}=&#92;frac{a^n(a^2+a+1)-b^n(b^2+b+1)}{a-b}=&#92;frac{a^{n+2}-b^{n+2}}{a-b}+&#92;frac{a^{n+1}-b^{n+1}}{a-b}+&#92;frac{a^n-b^n}{a-b}=r_{n+2}+r_{n+1}+r_n.' title='r_{n+3}=&#92;frac{a^{n+3}-b^{n+3}}{a-b}=&#92;frac{a^n(a^2+a+1)-b^n(b^2+b+1)}{a-b}=&#92;frac{a^{n+2}-b^{n+2}}{a-b}+&#92;frac{a^{n+1}-b^{n+1}}{a-b}+&#92;frac{a^n-b^n}{a-b}=r_{n+2}+r_{n+1}+r_n.' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Dengan cara yang sama, <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=s_%7Bn%2B3%7D%3Ds_%7Bn%2B2%7D%2Bs_%7Bn%2B1%7D%2Bs_n&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='s_{n+3}=s_{n+2}+s_{n+1}+s_n' title='s_{n+3}=s_{n+2}+s_{n+1}+s_n' class='latex' /> dan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=t_%7Bn%2B3%7D%3Dt_%7Bn%2B2%7D%2Bt_%7Bn%2B1%7D%2Bt_n&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='t_{n+3}=t_{n+2}+t_{n+1}+t_n' title='t_{n+3}=t_{n+2}+t_{n+1}+t_n' class='latex' />. Tetapi mudah diperiksa bahwa <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=r_i%2Ct_i%2Cs_i&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='r_i,t_i,s_i' title='r_i,t_i,s_i' class='latex' /> adalah bilangan bulat untuk <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=i%3D1%2C2%2C3&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='i=1,2,3' title='i=1,2,3' class='latex' />, maka <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=r_%7B1982%7D%2Cs_%7B1982%7D%2Ct_%7B1982%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='r_{1982},s_{1982},t_{1982}' title='r_{1982},s_{1982},t_{1982}' class='latex' /> juga bilangan bulat.</p>
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		<title>Kanada 1982 #1</title>
		<link>http://olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com/2009/06/05/kanada-1982-1/</link>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 05 Jun 2009 11:57:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Johan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[olimpiade matematika]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[geometri]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[kanada 1982]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[kongruen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[matematika]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[olimpiade]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[segitiga]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com/?p=1635</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[1. Diberikan dua segiempat dan titik di dalam segiempat sehingga sejajar dan sama panjang dengan untuk (). Tunjukkan bahwa luas dari dua kali luas . Solusi: Perpanjang sampai di mana dan perpanjang sampai sehingga . Perhatikan bahwa dan . Perhatikan juga bahwa segitiga kongruen terhadap , dan kongruen terhadap . Maka . Dengan cara yang [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=olimpiadematematika.wordpress.com&amp;blog=7239139&amp;post=1635&amp;subd=olimpiadematematika&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>1. Diberikan dua segiempat <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=B_1B_2B_3B_4%2CA_1A_2A_3A_4&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='B_1B_2B_3B_4,A_1A_2A_3A_4' title='B_1B_2B_3B_4,A_1A_2A_3A_4' class='latex' /> dan titik <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=O&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='O' title='O' class='latex' /> di dalam segiempat <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=B_1B_2B_3B_4&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='B_1B_2B_3B_4' title='B_1B_2B_3B_4' class='latex' /> sehingga <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=OB_i&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='OB_i' title='OB_i' class='latex' /> sejajar dan sama panjang dengan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A_iA_%7Bi%2B1%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='A_iA_{i+1}' title='A_iA_{i+1}' class='latex' /> untuk <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=i%3D1%2C2%2C3%2C4&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='i=1,2,3,4' title='i=1,2,3,4' class='latex' /> (<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A_5%3DA_1&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='A_5=A_1' title='A_5=A_1' class='latex' />). Tunjukkan bahwa luas dari <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=B_1B_2B_3B_4&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='B_1B_2B_3B_4' title='B_1B_2B_3B_4' class='latex' /> dua kali luas <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A_1A_2A_3A_4&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='A_1A_2A_3A_4' title='A_1A_2A_3A_4' class='latex' />.</p>
<p>Solusi:</p>
<p>Perpanjang <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A_1A_2&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='A_1A_2' title='A_1A_2' class='latex' /> sampai <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=P&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='P' title='P' class='latex' /> di mana <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A_1A_2%3DA_2P&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='A_1A_2=A_2P' title='A_1A_2=A_2P' class='latex' /> dan perpanjang <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A_3A_4&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='A_3A_4' title='A_3A_4' class='latex' /> sampai <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=O&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='O' title='O' class='latex' /> sehingga <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A_3A_4%3DA_4O&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='A_3A_4=A_4O' title='A_3A_4=A_4O' class='latex' />. Perhatikan bahwa <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5BA_1A_2A_3%5D%3D%5BA_2A_3P%5D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='[A_1A_2A_3]=[A_2A_3P]' title='[A_1A_2A_3]=[A_2A_3P]' class='latex' /> dan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5BA_3A_4A_1%5D%3D%5BOA_4A_1%5D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='[A_3A_4A_1]=[OA_4A_1]' title='[A_3A_4A_1]=[OA_4A_1]' class='latex' />. Perhatikan juga bahwa segitiga <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=OB_2B_1&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='OB_2B_1' title='OB_2B_1' class='latex' /> kongruen terhadap <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A_2A_3P&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='A_2A_3P' title='A_2A_3P' class='latex' />, dan <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=OB_3B_4&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='OB_3B_4' title='OB_3B_4' class='latex' /> kongruen terhadap <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A_4A_1O&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='A_4A_1O' title='A_4A_1O' class='latex' />. Maka <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5BOB_1B_2%5D%2B%5BOB_3B_4%5D%3D%5BPA_3A_2%5D%2B%5BOA_1A_4%5D%3D%5BA_1A_2A_3A_4%5D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='[OB_1B_2]+[OB_3B_4]=[PA_3A_2]+[OA_1A_4]=[A_1A_2A_3A_4]' title='[OB_1B_2]+[OB_3B_4]=[PA_3A_2]+[OA_1A_4]=[A_1A_2A_3A_4]' class='latex' />. Dengan cara yang sama <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5BOB_2B_3%5D%2B%5BOB_1B_4%5D%3D%5BABCD%5D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='[OB_2B_3]+[OB_1B_4]=[ABCD]' title='[OB_2B_3]+[OB_1B_4]=[ABCD]' class='latex' />, maka <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5BB_1B_2B_3B_4%5D%3D%5BA_1A_2A_3A_4%5D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=1c1c1c&amp;s=0' alt='[B_1B_2B_3B_4]=[A_1A_2A_3A_4]' title='[B_1B_2B_3B_4]=[A_1A_2A_3A_4]' class='latex' />.</p>
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